LEED TSAC PVC Study Database > Life Cycle Cells > View Cell

View Cell

Material:Drain-waste-vent pip - Rigid PVC Functional Units:1 foot of 3" ID pipe with 50 years service life
LCA Stage:Cradle to Site
Impact Category: Human Health Toxic Exposures Impact Units:disability adjusted life years (DALYs)
Sources:
Note: This list doesn't include 'Inactive' sources.
Source Stakeholder Submission Contributes Qualitative Information Contributes Quantitative Information
Life Cycle Assessment of Polyvinyl Chloride and Alternatives: Summary Report No No No
Short-term adverse health effects in a community exposed to a large polyvinylchloride plastics fire. No Yes No
Mildest organochlorines still cause toxic pollution.[comment]. No No No
Vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. [Review] [151 refs] No No No
Central nervous system malformations in relation to two polyvinyl chloride production facilities. No No No
Mixed connective tissue disease after exposure to polyvinyl chloride. No No No
Long-term psychological distress among chemically exposed firefighters. No Yes No
Delivery outcome among women employed in the plastics industry in Sweden and Norway. No Yes No
Contact dermatitis in workers processing polyvinyl chloride plastics. No No No
Synthetic polymers: main classes of plastics and their current uses. No No No
Evaluation of the pulmonary toxicity of plasticized polyvinyl chloride thermal decomposition products in guinea pigs by repeated CO2 challenges. No No No
Nailfolds capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers. No No No
Thermal decomposition products of PVC plastics: effects on guinea pig lung mechanics and pulmonary mixed function oxidase activity. No No No
Respiratory illness caused by overheating of polyvinyl chloride. No No No
Phosgene in the thermal decomposition products of poly(vinyl chloride): Generation, detection and measurement. No No No
Development of methodologies to assess the relative hazards from thermal decomposition products of polymeric materials. No No No
An approach to the toxicology of combustion products of materials. No No No
Polyvinyl chloride toxicity in fires. Hydrogen chloride toxicity in fire fighters. No No No
Aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons alter the contractile responses of tracheal smooth muscle in piglet. No No No
Abnormal liver function in workers exposed to low levels of ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer. No No No
Assessment of the developmental toxicity and placental transfer of 1,2-dichloroethane in rats. No No No
Ten and ninety-day toxicity studies of 1,2-dichloroethane in Sprague-Dawley rats. No No No
Comparative toxicity of ethylene dichloride in F344/N, Sprague-Dawley and Osborne-Mendel rats. No No No
Neurophysiological and psychological disorders and occupational exposure to organic solvents. No No No
Effects of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in drinking water on reproduction and development in mice. No No No
Life Cycle Assessment of Polyvinyl Chloride and Alternatives:Summary Report for Consultation No No No
UK Response to the European Commission's Green Paper on environmental issues of PVC No No No
LCA of PVC. No No No
Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and Alternative Materials, an overview No No No
Dioxin From Cradle to Grave - Recommendations Yes No No
Plastics streams in Germany—an analysis of production, consumption and waste generation No No No
Uncertainty in Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Toxic Releases Impact Assessment of Toxic Releases in a Substance Flow Analysis for PVC in Sweden No No No
Life cycle assessments of PVC products :green guides to ecological sustainability / No No No
PVC :a primary contributor to the U.S. dioxin burden No No No
PVC and the environment. No No No
PVC in perspective :the facts. Yes No No
Effect of copper chloride on the emissions of PCDD/Fs and PAHs from PVC combustion No No No
Ambient air PCDD/PCDF concentrations in Montgomery County, Ohio No No No
Thetford plastics fire, October 1991: the role of a preventive medical team in chemical incidents No No No
Vinyl chloride No No No
PVC and the Environment No No No
Charles River Associates report for the Chlorine No No No
Report on the Environmental Impacts of PVC No No No
Impacts of Chlorine Use of Environmental and Public Health" (A Science Report to Governor John Engler) No No No
Exploratory study on the combustion and PAH emissions of selected municipal waste plastics No No No
Measurement of atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy Yes No No
Characterization of emissions of dioxin and furans from ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer and polyvinyl chloride facilities in the United States. Consolidated report Yes No No
Developments in lead–acid batteries: a lead producer’s perspective Yes No No
Monomethyl- and Trimethyltin Compounds Induce Learning Deficiencies in Young Rats Yes No No
Butyltin exposure causes a rapid decrease in cyclic AMP levels in human lymphocytes Yes No No
The Extraction of Organotin Compounds from Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Yes No No
Change of Embryotoxic Susceptibility to Di-n-butyltin Dichloride in Cultured Rat Embryos Yes No No
Susceptible Period for the Teratogenicity of Di-n-Butyltin Dichloride in Rats Yes No No
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN COMMUNITIES ADJACENT TO PVC PRODUCTION FACILITIES Yes Yes Yes
Comparison of hepatotoxicity caused by mono-,di- and tributyltin compounds in mice Yes No No
Toxicity of Organotin Compounds. II. Comparative In Vivo and In Vitro Studies with Various Organotin and Organolead Compounds in Different Animal Species with Special Emphasis on Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity Yes No No
Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Butyltin Trichloride, Dibutyltin Dichloride and Tributyktub Chloride in rats Yes No No
Dimethyltin Dichloride: Investigations into its gastrointestinal absorption and transplacental transfer Yes No No
Speciation of organotins in poly"vinyl chloride" products Yes No No
Global distribution of persistent organochlorine compounds Yes No No
Exposure to polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans from graphite electrodes in a chloralkali plant Yes No No
Correlation of chlorinated organic compound emissions from incineration with chlorinatedorganic input Yes No No
Pandora’s Poison: On Chlorine, Health, and a New Environmental Strategy by Joe Thornton Yes No No
Blood mercury levels in U.S. children Yes No No
Mercury, fish oils, and the risk of myocardial infarction Yes No No
Mercury Flows in Europe and the World: the impact of decommissioned chlor-alkali plants Yes No No
[Reanalysis of mortality in a petrochemical plant producing vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride] Yes No No
Pulmonary toxicity of polyvinyl chloride particles after repeated intratracheal instillation in rats. Elevated CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage Yes No No
Pulmonary toxicity of polyvinyl chloride particles after a single intratracheal instillation in rats. Time course and comparison with silica Yes No No
Database of Sources of Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States Yes No No
Some biochemical and histopathological changes induced by polyvinyl chloride dust in rat lung. Yes No No
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) dust. Yes No No
Experimental lung damage from prolonged inhalation of airborne polyvinyl chloride dust. Yes No No
An outbreak of acneiform eruption in a polyvinyl chloride manufacturing factory. Yes No No
Pulmonary modifications and exposure to vinyl chloride and poly (vinyl chloride). Yes No No
Dust overloading of lungs after exposure of rats to particulates of low solubility: comparative studies Yes No No
Biological reactivity of PVC dust. Yes No No
Effect of inhaled polyvinyl chloride dust on lungs of rats. Yes No No
Empirical modeling of particle deposition in the aveolar region of the lungs: a basis for interspecies extrapolation. Yes No No
Lung fibrosis in polyvinyl chloride workers. Yes No No
Pneumoconiosis and polyvinyl chloride. Yes No No
Ventilating changes in a PVC compounds factory. A longitudinal study. Yes No No
Airway obstruction in workers exposed to vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. Yes No No
Dust overloading of lungs: Investigations of various materials, species differences, and irreversibiity of effects Yes No No
Experimental Chronic Poisoning with Vinyl Chloride (Monochloroethene). Yes No No
Epidemiological and clinical studies of polyvinylchloride workers. Yes No No
Comparison between in vitro toxicity of polymer and mineral dusts and their fibrogenicity. Yes No No
A case of pneumoconiosis caused by polyvinyl chloride Yes No No
Nature of the Action of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Dust on Lungs. Yes No No
State of the bronchopulmonary apparatus in workers engaged in the manufacture of articles made of polyvinyl chloride. Yes No No
Lung function among PVC, cement and asbestos cement factory workers. Yes No No
Role of residual additives in the cytotoxicity and cytokine release caused by polyvinyl chloride particles in pulmonary cell cultures. Yes No No
Process emissions for vinyl pipe industry Yes No No
Life Cycle Assessment of PVC Products: A Green Guide to Ecological Sustainability Yes No No
Evaluation of the association between birth defects and exposure to ambient vinyl chloride. Yes No No
Effects of polyvinyl chloride ingestion by dogs. Yes No No
Toxicity of Dibutyltin, Tributyltin and Other Organotin Compounds to Humans and to Experimental Animals, Yes No No
Monomethyl- and Trimethyltin Compounds Induce Learning Deficiencies in Young Rats, Yes No No
Butyltin exposure causes a rapid decrease in cyclic AMP levels in human lymphocytes Yes No No
Dimethyltin Dichloride: Investigations into Its Gastrointestinal Absorption and Transplacental Transfer Yes No No
Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Di-, Tri- and Tetrabutyltin Compounds after Administration during Late Organogenesis in Rats, Yes No No
Expression of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Rat Hippocampus and Cerebellum after Trimethyltin Neurotoxicity, Yes No No
EPA: Alkyltin Compounds, Response to the Testing Committee Yes No No
The Decrease of Tin Extraction from Chlorinated Polyvinyl and Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe, Fittings and Materials After Continuous Exposure to Potable Water Yes No No
Extraction of Organic Tin from Polyvinyl Chloride and Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Mateials, Pipes and Fittings Yes No No
FDA approvals of organotins for food contact applications under CFR 21 Yes No No
Draft Environmental Impact Report Plastic Plumbing Pipe Yes No No
Toxicological Profile for Mercury (update) Yes No No
Health Consultation: Exposure Investigation Report, Calcasieu Estuary, lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana Yes Yes Yes
Exposure and Health Assessment for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds (review draft) Yes No No
Specific Comments On The Food And Drug Administration'sEvaluation Of The Environmental Issues Associated With The Proposed Rule On PVC Yes No No
Mercury in the River Mersey, its estuary and tributaries during 1973 and 1974 Yes No No
Measurements of organochloro compounds at a metal reclamation plant Yes No No
Global mass balance for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans Yes No No
A call for a chlorine sunset: the hazards of organochlorines require that they be elimianted Yes No No
A pharmacokinetic interpretation of increasing concentrations of DEHP inhemodialysed patients Yes No No
Impacts on the Environment From the Manufacture, Use and Disposal andSubstitution of PVC Yes No No
Evaluation of temporal and age-related trends of chemically and biologicallygenerated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in Lake Ontario trout, 1977-1993 Yes No No
Assessment of levels, distribution and risks ofpolychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the vicinity of a vinyl chloride monomerproduction plant Yes No No
Mercury in the Swedish environment: recent research on causes, consequences and corrective methods Yes No No
Mercury in plants, soil, and atmosphere near a chlor-alkali complex Yes No No
Endocrine-disrupting agents on healthy human tissues Yes No No
Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant Yes No No
Levels, profile and pattern of PCDDs and PCDFs in samples related to theproduction and use of chlorine Yes No No
A comparison of the mutagenic properties of vinyl chloride and methyl chloride. Yes No No
Cases studies in environmental medicine: vinyl chloride toxicity. Yes No No
[The effects of vinyl chloride on pregnancy, parturition, and fetal development among female workers]. Yes No No
Epidemiologic study of vinyl chloride workers: Mortality through December 31, 1972. Yes No No
Aerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride in groundwater samples. Yes No No
Cytogenetic monitoring of industrial populations potentially exposed to genotoxic chemicals and of control populations. Yes No No
Effects of exposure to vinyl chloride: an assessment of the evidence Yes No No
Chloroethylenes. Yes No No
Congenital central nervous system malformations and vinyl chloride monomer exposure: A community study. Yes No No
Lifespan oral toxicity study of vinyl chloride in rats Yes No No
Localization of breaks induced by vinyl chloride in the human chromosomes of lymphocytes Yes No No
[Vinyl chloride as occupational health hazard]. Yes No No
Effects of vinyl chloride in man: A cytogenetic follow-up study. Yes No No
Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Yes No No
Comparative evaluation of the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the SCE numbers in peripheral lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. Yes No No
Alkylation of RNA by vinyl chloride metabolites in vitro and in vivo: Formation of 1 -N-6-ethenoadenosine. Yes No No
Effects of single and repeated exposures of humans and rats to vinyl chloride. Yes No No
Evaluation of the genetic effects induced by vinyl chloride monomers (VCM) under mammalian metabolic activation: Studies in vitro and in vivo. Yes No No
Acute inhalation toxicity of vinyl chloride to laboratory animals. Yes No No
[Embryonic and teratogenic action of vinyl chloride] Yes No No
Experimental acute toxicity of VC (monochlorethene Yes No No
Activity of vinyl chloride monomer in the mouse micronucleus assay. Yes No No
Effect of vinyl chloride on embryogenesis of rats. Yes No No
Evaluation of alternative methods for establishing safe levels of occupational exposure to vinyl halides. Yes No No
Neoplastic effect of vinyl chloride in mouse lung-lower doses and short-term exposure. Yes No No
Lifetime (149-week) oral carcinogenicity study of vinyl chloride in rats. Yes No No
Effects of vinyl chloride exposure alone and in combination with trypan blue-applied systematically during all thirds of pregnancy on the fetuses of CFY rats. Yes No No
Comparison of the fate of vinyl chloride following single and repeated exposure in rats Yes No No
German investigations on morbidity and mortality of workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Yes No No
OSHA Recordable Case, Table 1: Incidence Rates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses by industry and case types Yes No No
VINYL INSTITUTE USGBC PVC TG DATA SUBMISSION Yes Yes Yes
TRACI: The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts No No No
Intake fraction for multimedia pollutants: a tool for life cycle analysis and comparative risk assessment No No Yes
ETH-ESU 96 Unit processes database. In: Simapro6 No No Yes
Franklin database. In: Simapro6 No No Yes
Compilation of cancer potency factors and acceptable daily intake values No No Yes
Human toxicity potentials for life cycle analysis and toxics release inventory risk screening. No Yes No
IDEMAT. In: Simapro6 No No No
Data Archive library. In: SimaPro6 No No No
Industry Data library. In: SimaPro6 No Yes No
SimaPro 6 No No Yes
National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment for 1996: Appendix H Estimating Carcinogenic Potency for Mixtures of Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) for the 1996 National-Scale Assessment. No No Yes
Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of polycyclic organic matter No No Yes
Toxic release inventory public data release No Yes No
Eco-profiles of the European plastics industry No No Yes
Ecoprofiles of the European plastics industry, report 4, second edition No No Yes
Ecoprofiles of the European plastics industry, report 10, Polymer conversion No No Yes
Ecoprofiles of the European plastics industry, report 6, second edition, Polyvinyl chloride. No No Yes
APME Ecoprofiles of chemicals and polymers No No Yes
Environmental Resource Guide No No No
Respiratory function in active firefighters. No Yes No
Environmental Impact Analysis for the Proposed Mercury Cell Chlor-alkali Production NESHAP. No Yes No
Petition for Reconsideration. In the Matter of the Final Rule: National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions from Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants No Yes Yes
Employee Tenure Summary No No Yes
Policy Statement on the Uses of TLVs and BEIs No Yes No
Statement of Position Regarding the TLVs and BEIs No Yes No
Senators call on EPA to document the fate of 65 tons of toxic mercury. No Yes Yes
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Mercury Emissions from Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali Plants. Final Rule No No Yes
Toxicological profile for mercury, elemental No Yes Yes
Ethylene dichloride No Yes Yes
Air monitoring data for Kentucky monitoring stations. No Yes Yes
Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer (TAGA) Operations Data No Yes Yes
Petitioned Health Consultation: Review of Groundwater Sampling Results from the Myrtle Grove Trailer Park Well System. Myrtle Grove Trailer Park, Plaquemine, Iberville Parish, Louisiana. No Yes Yes
Evaluation of Employee Exposure to Butyltin Compounds used as Tin Stabilizers at Polyvinyl Chloride Processing Facilities No No Yes